This study examines the relationship between urban residence and trajectories of depressive symptoms and investigates whether this relationship differs by social isolation and loneliness. The study uses data from the 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults aged 51and older.

Journal of Applied Gerontology, doi:10.1177/0733464820972527

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