Categories and Disposal

The State of Ohio has specific regulations regarding the disposal of infectious waste. The detailed requirements can be found in Chapter 3734 of the Ohio Revised Code and Chapters 3745-27 and 3745-37 of the Ohio Administrative Code. This guidance document includes a list of the specific categories of infectious waste and the regulatory definitions of infectious and zoonotic agents.

Categories of Infectious Waste

  1. Cultures and stocks of infectious agents and associated biologicals. This includes specimen cultures, cultures and stocks of infectious agents, wastes from the production of biologicals, and discarded live and attenuated vaccines.
  2. Laboratory wastes that were, or were likely to have been, in contact with infectious agents that may present a substantial threat to public health if improperly managed.
  3. Pathological wastes, including human and animal tissues, organs, and body parts, and body fluids and excreta that are contaminated with or are likely to be contaminated with infectious agents, removed or obtained during surgery or autopsy or for diagnostic evaluation, provided that, with regard to pathological waste from animals, the animals have or are likely to have been exposed to a zoonotic or infectious agent.
  4. Waste materials from the rooms of humans, or the enclosure of animals, that have been isolated because of diagnosed communicable disease that are likely to transmit infectious agents. Such waste materials from the rooms of humans do not include any system established by the Centers for Disease Control, unless specific wastes generated under the universal precautions system have been identified as infectious wastes by the Public Health Council in rules adopted in accordance with Chapter 119 of the Ohio Revised Code.
  5. Human and animal blood specimens and blood products that are being disposed of, provided that, with regard to blood specimens and blood products from animals, the animals were or are likely to have been exposed to a zoonotic or infectious agent. “Blood products” does not include patient care waste such as bandages or disposable gowns that are lightly soiled with blood or other body fluids, unless the generator determines that they are soiled to the extent that they should be managed as infectious wastes.
  6. Contaminated carcasses, body parts, and bedding of animals that were intentionally exposed to infectious agents from zoonotic or human diseases during research, production of biologicals, or testing of pharmaceuticals, and carcasses and bedding of animals otherwise infected by zoonotic or infectious agents that may present a substantial threat to public health if improperly managed.
  7. Sharp wastes used in the treatment or inoculation of human beings or animals. Also, sharp wastes that have or are likely to have, come into contact with infectious agents in medical, research, or industrial laboratories. Sharp wastes include, but are not limited to, hypodermic needles, syringes, scalpel blades, and glass articles that have been broken. Such waste items are referred to as “sharps”.
  8. Any other waste materials generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals, research pertaining to the immunization of human beings or animals, or in the production or testing of biologicals, that the Public Health Council identifies as infectious wastes after determining that the wastes present a substantial threat to human health when improperly managed because they are, or may be, contaminated with infectious agents.
  9. Any other waste materials the generator designates as infectious wastes.

It should be noted that nearly all of the categories of infectious waste depend upon the presence of infectious agents or the possibility of the presence of infectious agents. The exceptions to this are blood and blood products, cultures, and sharps, which are independent of the presence of infectious agents.

Group 1 [G1]

An item in group 1 is not considered to be an infectious agent under the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency’s definition of an infectious agent because it is not known to infect or to pose a risk to humans; therefore, these agents are not required to be disposed of as infectious waste.

(G1) BACTERIAL AGENTS

Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis
Klebiella oxytoca

Animal Viral Etiologic Agents in Common Use

The following list of animal etiologic agents. None of these agents are associated with disease in healthy adults. These agents are commonly used in experimental laboratory work.

Baculoviruses

Herpesviruses

Herpesvirus ateles
Herpesvirus saimiri
Marek's disease virus
Murine cytomegalovirus

Papovaviruses

Bovine papilloma virus
Polyoma virus
Shope papilloma virus
Simian virus 40 (SV 40)

Retroviruses

Avian leukosis virus
Avian sarcoma virus
Bovine leukemia virus
Feline leukemia virus
Feline sarcoma virus
Gibbon leukemia virus
MasonPfizer monkey virus
Mouse mammary tumor virus
Murine leukemia virus (except for amphotrophic and xenotropic strains (see G2))
Murine sarcoma virus
Rat leukemia virus

Murine Retroviral Vectors

Murine retroviral vectors to be used for human transfer experiments (less than 10 liters) that contain less than 50% of their respective parental viral genome and that have been demonstrated to be free of detectable replication competent to retrovirus.

OTHER

Any other microorganism, pathogen, virus or prion that would be assigned to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health Biosafety Level 1 and/or the National Institutes of Health Risk Group 1.

Those agents not listed in Risk Groups (RGs) 2, 3 and 4 are not automatically or implicitly classified in RG1; a risk assessment must be conducted based on the known and potential properties of the agents and their relationship to agents that are listed.

Group 2 [G2]

Items in Group 2 are generally required to be disposed as infectious waste, unless the laboratory director can demonstrate that a particular item does not meet the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency’s definition of an infectious agent based on how it is used in the laboratory.

(G2) BACTERIAL AGENTS Including Chlamydia

Acinetobacter baumannii (formerly Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)
Actinobacillus
Actinomyces pyogenes (formerly Corynebacterium pyogenes)
Aeromonas hydrophilia
Amycolata autotrophica
Archanobacterium haemolyticum (formerly Corynebacterium haemolyticum)
Arizona hinshawii - all serotypes
Bacillus anthracis
Bartonella henselae, B. quintana. B. vinsonii
Bordetella including B. pertussis
Borrelia recurrentis, B. burgdorferi
Burkholderia (formerly Pseudomonas species) except those listed in (G3))
Campylobacter coli, C. fetus, C. jejuni
Chlamydia psittaci, C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae
Clostridium botulinum, Cl. chauvoei, Cl. haemolyticum, Cl. histolyticum, Cl. novyi, Cl. septicum, Cl. tetani
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. renale
Dermatophilius congolensis
Edwardsiella tarda
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Escherichia coli - all enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive and strains bearing K1 antigen, including E. coli O157:H7
Haemophilius ducreyi, H. influenzae
Helicobacter pylori
Klebiella - all species except K. oxytoca (listed in (G1))
Legionella including L. pneumophilia
Leptospira interrogans - all serotypes
Listeria
Moraxella
Mycobacterium (except those listed in (G3) Bacterial Agents including Rickettsia) including M. avium complex, M. asiaticum, M. bovis BCG vaccine strain, M. fortuitum, M. kansasii, M. leprae, M. malmoense, M. marinum, M. paratuberculosis, M. scrofulaceum, M. simiae, M. szulgai, M. ulcerans, M. xenopi
Mycoplasma, except M. mycoides and M. agalactiae which are restricted animal pathogens
Neisseria gonorrhoea, N. meningitidis
Nocardia asteroides, N. brasiliensis, N. otitdiscaviarum, N. transvalensis
Rhodococcus equi
Salmonella including S. arizonae, S. cholerasuis, S. enteritidis, S. gallinarum-pullorum, S. meleagridis, S. paratyphi, A, B, C, S. typhi, S. typhimurium
Shigella including S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, type 1, S. flexneri, S. sonnei
Sphaerophorus necrophorus
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Streptococcus including S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes
Treponema pallidum, T. carateum
Vibrio cholerae, V. parahemolyticus, V. vulnificus
Yersinia enterocolitica

(G2) FUNGAL AGENTS

Blastomyces dermatitidis
Cladosporium bantianum, C. (Xylohypha) trichoides
Cryptococcus neoformans
Dactylaria galopava (Ochroconis gallopavum)
Epidermophyton
Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
Microsporum
Paracoccidioides braziliensis
Penicilium marneffei
Sporothrix schenckii
Trichophyton

(G2) PARASITIC AGENTS

Ancylostoma human hookworms including A. duodenale, A. ceylanicum
Ascaris including Ascaris lumbricoides suum
Babesia including B. divergens, B. microti
Brugia filaria worms including B. malayi, B. timori
Coccidia
Cryptosporidium including C. parvum
Cysticercus cellulosae (hydatid cyst, larva of T. solium)
Echinococcus including E. granulosis, E. multilocularus, E. vogeli
Entamoeba histolytica
Enterobius
Fasciola including F. gigantica, F. hepatica
Giardia including G. lamblia
Heterophyes
Hymenolepis including H. diminuta, H. nana
Isosopora
Leishmania including L. braziliensis, L. donovani, L. ethiopia, L. major, L. mexicana, L. peruvania, L. tropica
Loa loa filaria worms
Microsporidium
Naegleria fowleri
Necator human hookworms including N. americanus
Onchoerca filaria worms including, O. volvulus
Plasmodium including simian species, P. cynomologi, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax
Sarcocystis including S. sui hominis
Schistosoma including S. haematobium, S. intercalatum, S. japonicum, S. mansoni, S. mekongi
Strongyloides including S. stercoralis
Taenia solium
Toxocara including T. canis
Toxoplasma including T. gondii
Trichinella sprialis
Trypanosoma including T. brucei brucei, T. brucei gambiense, T. brucie rhodesiense, T. cruzi
Wuchereria bancrofti filaria worms

(G2) VIRAL AGENTS

Adenoviruses, human

All types

Alphaviruses (Togaviruses) - Group A Arboviruses

Chikungunya vaccine strain 181/25
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine strains TC-83 and V3526
Western equine encephalomyelitis virus

Arenaviruses

Junin virus candid #1 vaccine strain
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (non-neurotropic strains)
Tacaribe virus complex
Other viruses as listed in the reference source (see Section V-C, of NIH GUIDELINES, Footnotes and References of Sections I through IV)

Bunyaviruses

Bunyamwera virus
Rift Valley fever virus vaccine strain MP-12
Other viruses as listed in the reference source (see Section V-C, of NIH GUIDELINES, Footnotes and References of Sections I through IV)

Calciviruses

Coronaviruses

Except SARS-Cov
See Appendix B-III-D, of NIH GUIDELINES, Risk Group 3 (RG3) - Viruses and Prions

Flaviviruses - Group B Arboviruses

Dengue virus serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4
Japanese encephalitis virus strain SA 14-14-2
Yellow fever virus vaccine strain 17D
Other viruses as listed in the reference source (see Section V-C, of NIH GUIDELINES, Footnotes and References of Sections I through IV)

Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses

Herpesviruses

Except Herpesvirus simiae (Monkey B virus) listed in (G4) (see Appendix B-IV-D,of NIH GUIDELINES, Risk Group 4 (RG4) - Viral Agents)

Cytomegalovirus
Epstein Barr virus
Herpes simplex types 1 and 2
Herpes zoster
Human herpesvirus types 6 and 7

Orthomyxoviruses

Influenza viruses types A, B, and C
Other tick-borne orthomyxoviruses as listed in (G2) Arboviruses

Papilloma viruses

All human papilloma viruses

Paramyxoviruses

Newcastle disease virus
Mealses virus
Mumps virus
Parainfluenza viruses types 1, 2, 3, and 4
Respiratory syncytial virus

Parvoviruses

Human parvovirus (B19)

Picornaviruses

Coxsackie viruses types A and B
Echoviruses - all types
Polioviruses - all types, wild and attenuated
Rhinoviruses - all types

Poxviruses

All types except Monkeypox virus (see Appendix B-III-D of NIH GUIDELINES, Risk Group 3 (RG3) - Viruses and Prions) and restricted poxviruses including Alastrim, Smallpox, and Whitepox (see Section V-L, Footnotes and References of Sections I through IV of NIH GUIDELINES)

Reoviruses

All types including Coltivirus, human Rotavirus, and Orbivirus (Colorado tick fever virus)

Rhabdoviruses

Rabies virus - all strains
Vesicular stomatitis virus non-exotic strains: VSV-Indiana 1 serotype strains (e.g. Glasgow, Mudd-Summers, Orsay, San Juan) and VSV-New Jersey serotype strains (e.g. Ogden, Hazelhurst)

Rubivirus (Togaviruses)

Rubella virus

[G2] ARBOVIRUSES AND ARENAVIRUSES

Alphaviruses (Togaviruses) - Group A Arboviruses
Flaviviruses (Togaviruses) Group B Arboviruses
Arenaviruses
Bunyaviruses
Rhabdoviruses

Acado
Acara
Aguacate
Alfuy
Almpiwar
Amapari
Ananindeua
Anhanga
Anhembi
Anopheles A
Anopheles B
Apeu
Apoi
Aride
Arkonam
Aroa
Aruac
Arumowot
Aura
Avalon
Abras
Abu Hammadd
Aabahoyoo
Bagaza
Bahig
Bakau
Baku
Bandia
Bangoran
Bangui
Banzi
Barmah Forest
Barur
Batai
Batama
Bauline
Bebaru
Belmont
Benevides
Benfica
Bertioga
Bimiti
Birao
Bluetongue
Boraceia
Botambi
Boteke
Bouboui
Bujaru
Bunyamwera
Bunyip
Burg E Arab
Bushbush
Bussuquara
Buttonwillow
Bwamba
Cacao
Cache Valley
Caimito
California enc.
Calovo
Candiru
Cape Wrath
Capim
Caraparu
Carey Island
Catu
Chaco
Chagres
Chandipura
Changuinola
Charleville
Chenuda
Chilibre
Chobar gorgee
Clo Mor
Colorado tick fever
Corriparta
Cotia
Cowbone Ridge
Csiro Village
Cuiaba
D’aaguilar
Dakar Bat Dengue-1
Dengue-2
Dengue-3
Dengue-4
Dera Ghazi Khan
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
Edge Hill
Entebbe Bat
Ep. Hem. Disease
Erve
Eubenangee
Eyach
Flanders
Fort Morgan
Frijoles
Gamboa
Gan Gan Gomoka
Gossas
Grand Arbaud
Great Island
Guajara
Guama
Guaratuba
Guaroa
Gumbo Limbo
Hart Park
Hazara
Highlands J
Huacho
Hughes
Icoaraci
Ieri
Ilesha
Ilheus
Ingwavuma
Inkoo
Ippy
Irituia
Isfahan
Itaporanga
Itaqui
Jamestown Canyon
Japanautt
Jerry Slough
Johnston Atoll
Joinjakaka
Juan Diaz
Jugra
Jurona
Jutiapa
Kadam
Kaeng Khoi
Kaikalur
Kaisodi
Kamese
Kammavan pettai
Kannaman galam
Kao Shuan
Karimabad
Karshi
Kasba
Kemerovo
Kern Canyon
Ketapang
Keterah
Keuraliba
Keystone
Kismayo
Klamath
Kokobera
Kolongo
Koongol
Kotonkan
Kowanyama
Kunjin
Kununurra
Kwatta
La Crosse
La Joya
Lagos Bat
Landija
Langat
Lanjan
Las Maloyas
Latino
Le Dantec
Lebombo
Lednice
Lipovnik
Lokern
Lone Star
Lukuni
Lymphocytic chloromeningitis (non-neurotrophic strains)
M’poko
Madrid
Maguari
Mahogany Hammock
Main Drain
Malakal
Manawa
Manzanilla
Mapputta
Maprik
Marco
Marituba
Marrakai
Matariya
Matruh
Matucare
Melao
Mermet
Minatitlan
Minnal
Mirim
Mitchell River
Modoc
Mono Lake
Mont. myotis leuk.
Moriche
Mosqueiro
Mossuril
Mount Elgon Bat
Murutucu
Mykines
Navarro
Nepuyo
Ngaingan
Nique
Nkolbisson
Nola
Ntaya
Nugget
Nyamanini
Nyando
O’nyong-nyong
Okhotskiy
Okola
Olifantsvlei
Oriboca
Ossa
Pacora
Pacui
Pahayokee
Palyam
Parana
Pata
Pathum Thani
Patois
Phnom-Penh Bat
Pichinde
Pixuna
Pongola
Ponteves
Precarious
Point
Prretoria
Prospect Hill
Puchong
Punta Salinas
Punta Toro
Qalyub
Quaranfil
Restan
Reoviruses- all types including Coltivirus, human Rotavirus, and Orbivirus
Rift Valley fever virus vaccine strain MP-12
Rio Bravo
Rio Grande
Ross River
Royal Farm
Sabo
Saboya
Saint Floris
Sakhalin
Salehabad
San angelo
Sandfly f. (Naples)
Sandfly f. (Sicilian)
Sandjimba
Sango
Sathuperi
Sawgrass
Sebokele
Seletar
Sembalam
Serra do Navio
Shamonda
Shark River
Shuni
Silverwater
Simbu
Simian hem. fever
Sindbis
Sixgun City
Showshoe Hare
Sokuluk
Soldado
Sororoca
Stratford
Sunday Canyon
Tacaiuma
Tacaribe complex
Taggert
Tahyna
Tamiami
Tanga
Tanjong Rabok
Tataaguine
Tehran
Tembe
Tembusu
Tensaw
Tete
Tettnang
Thimiri
Thottapalayam
Tibrogargan
Timbo
Timboteua
Tindholmur
T oscana
Toure
Tribec
Triniti
Trivittatus
Trubanaman
Tsuruse
Turlock
Tyuleniy
Uganda S
Umatilla
Umbre
Una
Upolu
Urucuri
Usutu
Uukuniemi
Vellore
Venesuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine strain TC-83
Venkatapuram
Vinces
Virgin River
VS-Indiana
VS-New Jersey
Wad Medani
Wallal
Wanowrie
Warrego
Western equine encephalomyelitis
Whataroa
Witwatersrand
Wonga
Wongorr
Wyeomyia
Yaquinea Head
Yata
Yellow fever virus vaccine strain 17D
Yogue
Zaliv Terpeniya
Zegla
Zika
Zingilamo
Zirqa

Other

Any other microorganism, pathogen, virus or prion that would be assigned to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health Biosafety Level 2 and/or the National Institutes of Health Risk Group 2. 

Group 3 [G3]

Items in Groups 3 should always be disposed of as infectious waste.

G3 agents are associated with serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available.

(G3) BACTERIAL AGENTS Including Rickettsia

Bartonella
Brucella including B. abortus, B.canis, B.suis
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei, B. pseudomallei
Coxiella burnetii
Francisella tularensis
Mycobacterium bovis (except BCG strain, see (G2)- Bacterial Agents Including Chlamydia), M. tuberculosis
Pasteurella multocida type B - “buffalo” and other virulent strains
Rickettsia akari, R. australis, R. conorii, R. prowazekii, R. siberica, R. tsutsugamushi, R. typhi (R. mooseri)
Yersinia pestis

(G3) FUNGAL AGENTS

Coccidioides immitis (sporulations cultures; contaminated soil)
Histoplasma capsulatum, H. capsulatum var.. duboisii

(G3) PARASITIC AGENTS

None

(G3) VIRAL AGENTS AND PRIONS

Alphaviruses (Togaviruses) - Group A Arboviruses

Chikungunya virus (except the vaccine strain 181/25 listed in Appendix B-II-D, of NIH GUIDELINES, Risk Group 2 (RG2) - Viruses
Semliki Forest virus
St. Louis encephalitis virus
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (except the vaccine strains TC-83 and V3526, see Appendix B-II-D, of NIH GUIDELINES, Risk Group 2 (RG2) - Viruses (RG2))
Other viruses as listed in the reference source (see Section V-C, of NIH GUIDELINES, Footnotes and References of Sections I through IV)

Arenaviruses

Flexal
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM) (neurotropic strains)

Bunyaviruses

Hantaviruses including Hantaan virus
Rift Valley fever virus

Coronaviruses

SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

Flaviviruses - Group B Arboviruses

Japanese encephalitis virus (except the vaccine strain 14-14-2 listed in Appendix B-II-D, of NIH GUIDELINES, Risk Group 2 (RG2) Viruses
West Nile virus (WNV)
Yellow fever virus
Other viruses as listed in the reference source (see Section V-C, of NIH GUIDELINES, Footnotes and References of Sections I through IV)

Orthomyxoviruses

Influenza viruses 1918-1919 H1N1 (1918 H1N1), human H2N2 (1957-1968), and highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 strains within the Goose/Guangdong/96-like H5 lineage (HPAI H5N1). Poxviruses Monkeypox virus Prions Transmissible

Poxviruses

Monkeypox virus

Prions

Transmissible spongioform encephalopathies (TME) agents (Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease and kuru agents) (see Section V-C, Footnotes and References of Sections I through IV of NIH GUIDELINES, for containment instruction)

Retroviruses

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2 Human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types 1 and 2 Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Rhabdoviruses Vesicular stomatitis virus (except those strains listed in Appendix B-II-D, of NIH GUIDELINES, Risk Group 2 (RG2) - Viruses

(G3) ARBOVIRUSES AND CERTAIN OTHER VIRUSES

Alphaviruses (Togaviruses) - Group A Arboviruses
Flaviviruses (Togaviruses) Group B Arboviruses

Arenaviruses
Bunyaviruses
Rhabdoviruses

Adelaide River
Agua Preta
Aino
Akabane
Alenquer
Almeirim
Altamira
Andasibe
Antequera
Araguari
Aransas Bay
Ariba
Arboledas
Babanki
Batken
Belem
Berrimah
Bhanja
Bimbo
Bobaya
Bobia
Bozo
Buenaventura
Cabassue
Cacipacore
Calchaqui
Cananeia
Caninde
Chikungunya
Chim
Coastal Plains
Cocal
Connecticut
Corfou
Dabakala
Dhori
Douglas
Dugbe
Enseada
Estero Real
Everglades
Flexal
Fomede
Forecariah
Fort Sherman
Gabek Forest
Gadgets Gully
Garba
Germiston
Getah
Glasgow
Gordil
Gray Lodge
Gurupi
Hantaviruses including
Hantaan
Iaco
Ibaraki
Ife
Ingangapi
Inini
Israel Turkey
meningitis
Issyk-Kul
Itaituba
Itimirim
Itupiranga
Jacareacanga
Jamanxi
Japanese encephalitis
Jari
Junin
Kairi
Kedoughou
Khasan
Kimberley
Kindia
Koutango
Kyzlagach
Lake Clarendon
Llano Seco
Louping III
Lymphocytic
choriomeningitis
virus (LCM)
(neurotropic strains)
Macaua
Mapuera
Mayaro
Mboke
Meaban
Middelburg
Mobala
Mojui Dos Compos
Monte Dourado
Mopeia
Mucambo
Munguba
Murray Valley
encephalitis
Nairobi Sheep disease
Naranjal
Nariva
Nasoule
Ndelle
Ndumu
Negishi
New Minto
Ngari
Ngoupe
Nodamura
Northway
Odrenisrou
Omo
Oriximina
Oropouche
Orungo
Ouango
Oubangui
Oubi
Ourem
Palestina
Para
Paramushir
Paroo River
Peaton
Perinet
Petevo
Picola
Piry
Playas
Powassan
Pueblo Viejo
Purus
Puumala
Rabies - all strains
Radi
Razdan
Resistencia
Rift Valley fever
(except vaccine
strain MP-12)
Rochambeau
Rubivirus (rubella)
Sagiyama
Salanga
Sal Vieja
San Juan
San Perlita
Santa Rosa
Santarem
Saraca
Saumarez Reef
Sedlec
Semliki Forest
Sena Madureira
Seoul
Sepik
Shokwe
Slovakia
Somone
Spipur
Spondweni
St. Louis encephalitis
Tai
Tamdy
Telok Forest
Termeil
Thiafora
Thogoto
Tinaroo
Tlacotalpan
Tocio
Tonate
Ttinga
Turuna
Venezuelan equine
encephalomyelitis
(except the vaccine
strain TC-83)
Vesicular Stomatisus
(alagoas) including
adapted strains
including VSVIndiana
Wesselsbron
West Nile
Xiburema
Yacaaba
Yaounde
Yellow fever (except
vaccine strain 17D)
Yoka
Yug Bogkanovac
Zingas

Other

Any other microorganism, pathogen, virus or prion that would be assigned to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health Biosafety Level 3 and/or the National Institutes of Health Risk Group 3.

Group 4 [G4]

Items in Group 4 should always be disposed of as infectious waste.

G4 agents are likely to cause serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are not usually available.

(G4) BACTERIAL AGENTS

None

(G4) FUNGAL AGENTS

None

(G4) PARASITIC AGENTS

None

(G4) VIRAL AGENTS

Arenavirses (Togaviruses) -Group A Arboviruses

Guanarito virus
Lassa virus
Junin virus
Machupo virus
Sabia

Bunyavviruses (Nairovirus)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus

Filoviruses

Ebola virus
Marburg virus

Flaviruses (Togaviruses) - Group B Arboviruses

Tick-borne encephalitis virus comlpex including Absetterov, Central European encephalitis, Hanzalova, Hypr, Kumlinge, Kyasanur Forest disease, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, and Russian spring-summer encephalitis viruses

Herpesviruese (alpha)

Herpesvirus simiae (Herpes B or Monkey B virus)

Paramyxoviruses

Equine morbillivirus

Hemorrhagic fever agents and viruses are yet undefined

Other

Any other microorganism, pathogen, virus or prion that would be assigned to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health Biosafety Level 4 and/or the National Institutes of Health Risk Group 4.