Religious Observances and Inclusive Scheduling
Below are many of the religious holidays and holy days observed by members of the Miami University community.
This narrative calendar is meant to complement the Academic Affairs calendar by providing guidance to help avoid scheduling important events, activities, and deadlines on holidays observed by members of the Miami community. This is not an exhaustive list. If you would like to suggest additions or edits please send your suggestions to vpdiversity@MiamiOH.edu
You can also find information on religious, non-religious, secular, and spiritual diversity on Miami University’s Student Life webpage for the META Collective.
PDF Version: '23-'24 Academic Year. PDF Version: 3 Year Calendar.
“*” denotes holidays that start sundown the day before. Please note that individual practices may vary.
August 2023
-
Name of Observance
Dates
Observance Information
Lammas/
Lughnasadh (Wicca/
Neo-Pagan)
‘23-’24: August 1
‘24-’25:
August 1
‘25-’26:
August 1
Description of Observance:
Lughnasadh or Lughnasa is an official Irish holiday and Gaelic festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man. The festival, named after the god Lugh, was originally said to have begun as a time to honor the earth goddess and agriculture, and to give offerings for a bountiful harvest throughout the coming autumn season. The festival has pagan origins and typically includes large gatherings with religious ceremonies, ritual athletic contests, feasting, matchmaking, and trading. Lammas is celebrated typically with feasts and rituals of thanks to the earth and respective deities for the initial harvest and the coming harvests of the autumn season. Since Lughnasadh is the time of “first fruits” there are often celebrations of and with seasonal fruits to commemorate this time and blessings. Lughnasadh/Lammas is seen as a time to give thanks to spirits and deities for the beginning of the harvest season.
Best Practice(s):
Historically, this holiday is celebrated on a Sunday; however, depending upon the following of the Lunar or Gregorian calendar, practitioners may be spending time in reflection or with family and friends.
Customary Greeting(s):
"Blessed Lammas/Lughnasadh."
"Lammas Blessings."
Obon (Buddhist / Shinto)
‘23-’24: August 13 - August 16
‘24-’25:
August 13 - August 16
‘25-’26:
August 13 - August 16
Description of Observance:
Obon is the Buddhist/Shinto day that commemorates one's ancestors returning to this world to visit their relatives. To celebrate Obon, huge fires are lit at the entrances of houses to guide the spirits to enter. At the end of the Obon festival, families help their ancestors' spirits return back to the grave by guiding them with their chochin lanterns. The ritual is called okuri-bon.
Best Practice(s):
There are no employee restrictions during this time, though a devout observer of this holiday may request time off to celebrate.
Customary Greeting(s):
Shochuu ominmai, moshiagemasu! It's a tradition to send best wishes for good health at Obon as summer in Japan can be extremely hot and therefore a time to fall ill.
Feast of the Assumption of Mary (Catholic / Christian)
‘23-’24: August 15
‘24-’25:
August 15
‘25-’26:
August 15
Description of Observance:
Assumption Day commemorates the belief that when Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, died, her body was "assumed" into heaven to be reunited with her soul, instead of going through the natural process of physical decay upon death. Assumption celebrations are accompanied by festivals, colorful street processions, fireworks, and pageantry. While a “feast” isn't actually required, there is a longstanding tradition of blessing the summer harvest. In the United States, mass is attended.
Best Practice(s):
Assumption Day is considered a Holy Day of Obligation, but if it falls on a Saturday or on a Monday, it is not obligatory by the church to attend mass.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday.
Raksha Bandhan (Hindu)
‘23-’24: August 30
‘24-’25:
August 19
‘25-’26:
August 9
Description of Observance:
A celebration of harmony. The tying of rakhi (woven bracelets) signifies a special bond of unity and affection between two individuals. "The festival of Raksha Bandhan is observed as a symbol of duty between brothers and sisters. The occasion is meant to celebrate any type of brother-sister relationship between men and women who may not be biologically related. On this day, a sister ties a rakhi around the wrist of her brother in order to pray for his prosperity, health and well-being. The brother in return offers gifts and promises to protect his sister from any harm and under every circumstance. The festival is also celebrated between brother-sister belonging to distant family members, relatives or cousins."
Best Practice(s):
There are no employee restrictions during this time, though a devout observer of this holiday may request time off to celebrate.
Customary Greeting(s):
"Happy Raksha Bandhan"
Ghost Festival (Buddhist)
‘23-’24: August 30
‘24-’25:
August 18
‘25-’26:
September 6
Description of Observance:
Ghost Festival is a day where Buddhists perform rituals to relieve the suffering of the ghost of those who've died, as well as to honor parents and ancestors. On Ghost Festival, celebrants will worship their ancestors, offer food (to monks as well as deceased), burn joss paper, and chant of scriptures.
Best Practice(s):
There are no employee restrictions during this time, though a devout observer of this holiday may request time off to celebrate.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday.
September 2023
-
Name of Observance
Dates
Observance Information
Krishna Janmashtami (Hindu)
‘23-’24: September 6
‘24-’25:
August 26
‘25-’26:
August 16
Description of Observance:
Krishna Janmashtami celebrates the birth of Krishna. An incarnation of the God Vishnu, Krishna represents love and bravery. Hindus celebrate Janmashtami by fasting, singing, praying together, preparing and sharing special food, night vigils, and visiting Krishna or Vishnu temples. Major Krishna temples organize recitation of Bhagavata Purana and Bhagavad Gita.
Best Practice(s):
Observers of Krishna Janmashtami fast in observance of this holiday.
Customary Greeting(s):
Jai Ho Murlidhar Gopal Ki. May this Janmashtami bring all the good luck and immense happiness to you and your family. Celebrate the birth of the ALMIGHTY! Spread the bliss of Janmashtami!
Paryushan Parva (Jain)
‘23-’24: September 11- September 18
‘24-’25:
August 31- September 7
‘25-’26:
August 21-28
Description of Observance:
Paryushana Parva is an eight-day long festival of forgiveness and self-discipline.This is the most important annual holy event for Jains. Followers are encouraged to practice according to their ability and desires. Paryushana Parva is a time when the Jains take on vows of study and fasting. The five main vows are emphasized during this time. There are no set rules, and followers are encouraged to practice according to their ability and desires. The festival ends with the celebration of Samvatsari or Kshamavani (forgiveness day).
Best Practice(s):
Observers of Paryushana Parva may be fasting in observance of this holiday.Special services are also occurring during this time, and followers may take off to observe or celebrate.
Customary Greeting(s):
"Happy Paryushan Parva," "May this Paryushan Parv bring you happiness and prosperity."
Rosh Hashanah (Jewish)
‘23-’24: September 15 - September 17
‘24-’25:
October 2-4
‘25-’26:
September 23-25
Description of Observance:
Rosh Hashanah begins the Jewish New Year. Rosh Hashanah commemorates the creation of the world and marks the beginning of the Days of Awe, a 10-day period of introspection and repentance that culminates in the Yom Kippur holiday, also known as the Day of Atonement. Rosh Hashanah's rabbinical customs include attending synagogue services and reciting special liturgy about teshuva, as well as enjoying festive meals. Eating symbolic foods is now a tradition, such as apples dipped in honey, hoping to evoke a sweet new year.
Best Practice(s):
Employees who observe Rosh Hashanah are not permitted to work on that day.
Customary Greeting(s):
“shana tova” or “l'shana tova,” meaning “good year” or “for a good year.”
Ganesh Chaturthi (Hindu)
‘23-’24:
September 19
‘24-’25:
September 7
‘25-’26:
August 27
Description of Observance:
Ganesh Chaturthi is the birth day of Lord Ganesha, the Hindu god of wisdom, prosperity, and good fortune, and the remover of obstacles. On Ganesh Chaturthi, Lord Ganesha's devotees perform their religious duties by getting up early. Then, they take a bath, wear new clothes, clean the temple in their house, light a diya in the temple, place gangajal, offer laddoos and modaks to Lord Ganesha, and complete the worship with an aarti
Best Practice(s):
Observers of Ganesh Chaturthi may refrain from work in order to perform their religious duties in observance of this holiday. Some may fast at this time.
Customary Greeting(s):
Ganpati Bappa Morya!
Mabon (Pagan / Wiccan)
‘23-’24:
September 21-29
‘24-’25:
September 21-29
‘25-’26:
September 21-29
Description of Observance:
Mabon is the Pagan/Wiccan day which celebrates the autumnal equinox through a ritual of thanksgiving for the fruits of the earth. Observers of this day might perform a ritual to restore balance and harmony to their lives, as this holiday celebrates a day with equal light and day. Another common ritual is to set up an altar with symbols of the season, such as apples, grapes, and other seasonal harvests.
Best Practice(s):
There are no employee restrictions during this time, though a devout observer of this holiday may request time off to celebrate.
Customary Greeting(s):
"BlessedMabon/Mabon Blessings."
Yom Kippur (Judaism)
‘23-’24:
September 24* - September 25
‘24-’25:
October 11*-12
‘25-’26:
October 2*-3
Description of Observance:
Yom Kippur is the most solemn religious fast of the Jewish year, the last of the ten days of penitence that begin with Rosh Hashanah (the Jewish New Year). Primarily centered on atonement and repentance, the day's observances consist of full fasting and ascetic behavior accompanied by intensive prayer as well as sin confessions. Among Orthodox Jews the wearing of leather shoes and anointing oneself with oil are forbidden. Orthodox Jews may wear long white robes called kittel. Jewish congregations spend the eve of Yom Kippur and the entire day in prayer and meditation.
Best Practice(s):
Observers of Yom Kippur will abstain from work, food and drink.
Customary Greeting(s):
The best greeting to give to someone observing Yom Kippur in English is “have an easy fast.” For those who are not fasting, but are observing the Yom Kippur, you can wish them a “Good Yuntif,” or “Yom Tov,” which are Yiddish and Hebrew, respectively, for “Have a good holy day.”
Mawlid al-Nabi (Islam)
‘23-’24:
September 26* - September 27
‘24-’25:
September 15*-16
‘25-’26:
September 4*-5
Description of Observance:
Mawlid al-Nabi commemorates the birthday of Prophet Muhammad. Often organized in some countries by the Sufi orders, Mawlid is celebrated in a carnival manner, large street processions are held and homes or mosques are decorated. Charity and food is distributed, and stories about the life of Muhammad are narrated with recitation of poetry by children.
Best Practice(s):
There are no employee restrictions during this time, though a devout observer of this holiday may request time off to celebrate.
Customary Greeting(s):
"Wishing a very Happy Mawlid Al Nabi to you."
Sukkot (Judaism)
‘23-’24:
September 29* - October 6
‘24-’25:
October 16*-23
‘25-’26:
October 6*-13
Description of Observance:
Sukkot is the Jewish holiday celebrating the Feast of the Tabernacles and Harvest festival .In addition to its harvest roots, the holiday also holds spiritual importance with regard to its abandonment of materialism to focus on nationhood, spirituality, and hospitality, this principle underlying the construction of a temporary, almost nomadic, structure of a sukkah. Sukkot is celebrated by, first of all, building a sukkah. Jews are required to eat in the sukkah for eight days (seven days in Israel), and some even sleep in the sukkah for the duration of the holiday. The sukkah is decorated and the first day is considered a holy day in which most forms of work are forbidden.
Best Practice(s):
Work is prohibited the first two days of Sukkot.
Customary Greeting(s):
Chag Sameach (khahg sah-MAY-akh) meaning Happy Holidays
October 2023
-
Name of Observance
Dates
Observance Information
Shemini Atzeret/ Simchat Torah (Judaism)
‘23-’24:
October 7
‘24-’25:
October 24
‘25-’26:
October 14
Description of Observance:
Shemini Atzeret/Simchat Torah ,marks the end of Sukkot and celebrates the conclusion of the annual cycle of public Torah readings and the beginning of a new cycle. Interestingly, Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah have no inherent mitzvot. They are observed by beginning the recitation of the prayer for rain (tefilat geshem), singing and dancing with the Torah, completing the yearly cycle of Torah readings and beginning the next cycle and refraining from work.
Best Practice(s):
Employees observing Shemini Atzeret/Simchat Torah are prohibited from working on this day.
Customary Greeting(s):
Chag Sameach (khahg sah-MAY-akh) meaning Happy Holidays
Myaamia Removal Day of Remembrance (Miami University)
‘23-’24:
October 11
‘24-’25:
October 11
‘25-’26:
October 11
Description of Observance:
Myaamia Removal Day of Remembrance (Oxford, OH)- During the forced removal of the Myaamia people from their homelands, which began in Peru, IN on October 6, 1846, Myaamia people passed just east of Oxford and Miami University on October 10 and 11, 1846 on the Miami and Erie Canal, the closest they would come to the University chartered with their name 37 years earlier.
Best Practice(s):
There are no employee restrictions during this time, though some may request time off for reflection.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday, as it is a time of reflection and remembrance.
Navaratri (Hindu)
‘23-’24:
October 15 - October 23
‘24-’25:
October 3-12
‘25-’26:
September 22 - October 2
Description of Observance:
Navaratri is an annual Hindu festival observed in the honor of the goddess Durga also referred to as Adi Parashakti. It spans over nine nights, first in the month of Chaitra, and again in the month of Ashwin. Celebrations include worshiping nine goddesses during nine days, stage decorations, recital of the legend, enacting of the story, and chanting of the scriptures of Hinduism. The nine days are also a major crop season cultural event, such as competitive design and staging of pandals, a family visit to these pandals, and the public celebration of classical and folk dances of Hindu culture.
Best Practice(s):
Employees may refrain from attending work in order to celebrate at home or in their place of worship.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday.
Birth of the Báb (Bahá'í)
‘23-’24:
October 16
‘24-’25:
October 16
‘25-’26:
October 16
Description of Observance:
This day celebrates the birth of the Báb, one of the founders of the Bahá'í faith. The day of the Birth of the Báb begins with prayers and devotional readings. It continues with a festive social gathering either at home or in a place of worship. In keeping with the essence of Bahá'í, the celebrations are open to all.
Best Practice(s):
Employees may refrain from attending work in order to celebrate at home or in their place of worship.
Customary Greeting(s):
“Happy Birth of the Báb” or “Happy Twin Birthdays.”
Birth of Bahá'u'lláh (Bahá'í)
‘23-’24:
October 16*-17
‘24-’25:
October 16*-17
‘25-’26:
October 16*-17
Description of Observance:
This day celebrates the birth of Bahá'u'lláh, one of the founders of the Bahá'í faith. During the holy day the community should rejoice together to increase the unity of the community. Baháʼís usually observe the holy day with community gatherings where prayers are shared and the birth of Baháʼu'lláh is celebrated.
Best Practice(s):
Employees may refrain from attending work in order to celebrate at home or in their place of worship.
Customary Greeting(s):
“Happy Birth of. Baha'u'llah” or “Happy Twin Holy Days.”
Dussehra (Hindu)
‘23-’24:
October 24
‘24-’25:
October 12
‘25-’26:
October 2
Description of Observance:
Dussehra celebrates Lord Rama's triumph over evil King Ravana, also celebrates the conquest by the Goddess Chamundeshwari over demon King Mahishasura. Dussehra is celebrated throughout India with different rituals and activities. Celebrations last for many days and are marked by songs, dances and large processions. People visit family and friends, exchange sweets and gifts, and wear traditional outfits.
Best Practice(s):
There are no employee restrictions during this time, though a devout observer of this holiday may request time off to celebrate.
Customary Greeting(s):
May Goddess Durga grant all your wishes and bless you with good health, success and happiness. Good wishes for a joyous Vijayadashami! Just like the colours and lights of the festival, may your life be filled with all the joy and prosperity in the world. Happy Dussehra!
Samhain (Pagan / Wiccan)
‘23-’24:
October 31* - November 1
‘24-’25:
October 31* - November 1
‘25-’26:
October 31* - November 1
Description of Observance:
Samhain is a Pagan/Wiccan festival honoring endings, beginnings, and the dead. Samhain marked the Celtic New Year, the end of summer, and the end of the harvest season. It also signaled the beginning of winter, which they associated with death. On this day, the Celts believed the veil between the living and the dead was especially thin. This allowed spirits of the dead to visit the living. There are many rituals associated with Samhain today. These include dancing, feasting, taking nature walks, and building altars to honor their ancestors. There are many parts to the altars Wiccans build. To symbolize the end of the harvest, they include apples, pumpkins, or other fall crops.
Best Practice(s):
There are no employee restrictions during this time, though a devout observer of this holiday may request time off to celebrate.
Customary Greeting(s):
"Samhain Blessings."
November 2023
-
Name of Observance
Dates
Observance Information
All Saints’ Day (Christian)
‘23-’24:
November 1
‘24-’25:
November 1
‘25-’26:
November 1
Description of Observance:
Celebrate those who have reached spiritual maturity and honor all saints (known and unknown). During this holiday there are Church services, praying for the dead, and visiting cemeteries; people may also bring flowers to cemeteries and clean the graves, or even a priest blesses the graves.
Best Practice(s):
In some place, people may take the day off to participate in cemetery and grave rituals.
Customary Greeting(s):
No traditional greetings but people may say "Happy All Saints Day" or "Happy Saints Day."
Dia de los Muertos (Mexican)
‘23-’24:
November 1 - November 2
‘24-’25:
November 1 - November 2
‘25-’26:
November 1 - November 2
Description of Observance:
The ancient indigenous people of Mexico have practiced rituals celebrating the lives of past ancestors for around 3,000 years. The celebration that is now known as Day of the Dead originally landed on the ninth month of the Aztec calendar and was observed for the entire month. In the 20th century, the month-long festivities were condensed to three days called The Days of the Dead: Halloween on October 31, Day of the Innocents on November 1, and Day of the Dead on November 2. Plans for Day of the Dead are made throughout the year. Toys are offered to dead children and bottles of alcohol or jars of alote get offered to dead adults. Most families decorate their loved ones’ graves with ofrendas, which often includes marigolds. It’s said that these specific flowers attract the souls of the dead to the offerings, and the bright petals and strong scent guides the souls from the cemetery to their family’s home. Since the 1960s, when the Mexican government declared it a public holiday based on educational policy initiatives, Dia de Muertos has been observed throughout Mexico. The tradition was added to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization’s Representative List of Humanity’s Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2008.
Best Practice(s):
Some people may take the day off and visit the graves of those who have passed
Customary Greeting(s):
“Feliz día de los Muertos.”
All Soul’s Day (Christian)
‘23-’24:
November 2
‘24-’25:
November 2
‘25-’26:
November 2
Description of Observance:
Commemorate those who have passed within the faith and a day of prayer for the dead. Individuals visit cemeteries, share memories of loved ones, honor traditions, and light candles to guide the dead.
Best Practice(s):
Some people may take the day off and visit the graves of those who have passed
Customary Greeting(s):
“Happy All Soul's Day.”
Lhabab Duchen (Buddhist)
‘23-’24:
November 4
‘24-’25:
November 22
‘25-’26:
November 11
Description of Observance:
Buddhist festival celebrated to observe the Buddha's descent from the Trāyastrimśa heaven down to Earth. Individuals make offerings, say mantras, prayers, and light butter lamps. The festival's main point is to pray.
Best Practice(s):
May take the day off to pray and engage in virtuous activities as it is believed that both positive and negative actions are multiplied by 10 million on this day.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday; however, one may say "Amituofo" (E-mi-tuo-fo), which is a kind greeting and form of well-wishing meaning immeasurable light and immeasurable life.
Gurpurab (Sikh)
‘23-’24:
November 8
‘24-’25:
November 15
‘25-’26:
November 5
Description of Observance:
Celebration of an anniversary related to the lives of the Sikh gurus, commemorating the birthday of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib (the 10th Sikh Guru). People sing hymns in groups and play traditional musical instruments, dress-up in new traditional clothes, and offer prayers.
Best Practice(s):
Special assemblies are held in gurdwaras as well as Sikh march processions that last up to 3 days causing an employee to either take the day off or display tiredness from the celebration.
Customary Greeting(s):
No traditional greeting but people may say "Raj karega khalsa, aakee rehae naa koe, Waheguru Ji Ka Khalsa Waheguru Ji Ki Fateh! Happy Gurpurab."
Birth of Guru Nanak (Sikh)
‘23-’24:
November 9
‘24-’25:
November 15
‘25-’26:
November 5
Description of Observance:
Celebrates the birth of the founder of Sikhism and the first of the Sikh Gurus. One of the most sacred festivals in Sikhism, Sikh followers travel to the birthplace of Guru nanak to participate in the activities of the holy day and seek blessings. In the U.S., members of the Sikh community visit the Gurudwara which holds programs and prayer services.
Best Practice(s):
Followers may take time off to make the journey to the birthplace of Guru Nanak or to visit gurudwaras.
Customary Greeting(s):
No traditional greeting but people may say "May Wahe Guru shower his blessings on you!" "Happy Guru Nanak Jayanti!" "Waheguru Ji ka khalsa, Waheguru ji ki fateh."
Diwali/ Deepavali (Hindu, Jain)
‘23-’24:
November 12
‘24-’25:
October 31
‘25-’26:
October 21
Description of Observance:
Bandhi Chhor Divas (Sikh), Buddhist) - Known as the "Festival of Lights;" ("Day of Liberation") is a Sikh celebration that commemorates the day the sixth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Hargobind was released from Gwalior Fort and was able to secure the release of 52 kings. is one of the most important festivals in Indian religions. It symbolizes the spiritual "victory of light over darkness, good over evil, and knowledge over ignorance." It's a five-day celebration that includes good food, fireworks, colored sand, and special candles and lamps. Hindus interpret the Diwali story based upon where they live. But there's one common theme no matter where people celebrate: the victory of good over evil.
Best Practice(s):
Some practitioners may take time off to celebrate.
Customary Greeting(s):
“Shubh Deepavali” (pronounced “shope duh-VAH-lee”) is a customary greeting associated with Diwali. It means, “Have an auspicious Diwali.”
Shichi-go-san (Shinto)
‘23-’24:
November 15
‘24-’25:
November 15
‘25-’26:
November 15
Description of Observance:
Traditional Japanese rite of passage and festival day for 3-7 year old girls and 5 year old boys celebrating the growth and well-being of young children. Modern families dress up and visit a shrine or temple, children receive gifts and families take group photos to commemorate the event.
Best Practice(s):
Most people pay their respects on the weekend.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday.
Niiname-sai / Labor Thanksgivings Day (Shinto)
‘23-’24:
November 23
‘24-’25:
November 23
‘25-’26:
November 23
Description of Observance:
Japanese harvest ritual, a thanks to the Shinto deities for a prosperous year and prays for a fruitful new year. The ritual is celebrated by the Emperor of Japan, who thanks the Shinto deities for a prosperous year and prays for a fruitful new year. It takes place near the Three Palace Sanctuaries of the imperial palace and several large Shinto shrines. During the ritual, the Emperor shows gratitude to the gods for Japan's harvest through offerings, non-religiously celebrated as Labor Thanksgiving Day.
Best Practice(s):
People take the day off as it is considered a national holiday in Japan.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday; however, tokens of thanks are often shared.
Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib (Sikh)
‘23-’24:
November 24
‘24-’25:
November 24
‘25-’26:
November 24
Description of Observance:
Every year November 24 is observed as the day of the Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. On this day in 1675, he was publicly Executed by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Delhi for refusing to accept Aurangzeb's authority. Sikh places of worship reverberate with the sounds of chanting of the composition called Bachittar Natak, which recounts his life and was recorded by his son, Guru Gobind Singh. A number of Sikh temples have been built in honor of Guru Tegh Bahadur.
Best Practice(s):
Some practitioners may take time off to celebrate.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday.
Day of Covenant (Bahá'í)
‘23-’24:
November 25 - November 26
‘24-’25:
November 24-25
‘25-’26:
November 24-25
Description of Observance:
Celebrate the appointment of 'Abdu'l-Bahá as the Centre of Baha'u'llah's Covenant; Baha’is celebrate the unity of their Faith — and the essential unity of all Faiths — on the Day of the Covenant. They also recognize, on this special day, the wider covenant that exists between God and humanity, which expresses itself in the singular purpose, common principles, and prophetic connections that link every Faith. Gather in prayer and worship in celebration of unity and acceptance, all are welcome to celebrate regardless of any difference in faith or beliefs.
Best Practice(s):
The day is one of two Baháʼí holy days where work does not need to be suspended.
Customary Greeting(s):
A common greeting for this day is Allah-u-Abha – an Arabic phrase that means “God is the Most Glorious." "Allah-u-Abha" (All-LAH oo abha).
Feast of Christ the King (Catholic / Christian)
‘23-’24:
November 26
‘24-’25:
November 24
‘25-’26:
November 23
Description of Observance:
Christ the King Day is a Catholic celebration that takes place on the last Sunday of the liturgical year in the Catholic faith — on November 26 this year. Originally a Roman Catholic feast, it is now observed by Christians of all denominations as a way to recognize and honor Jesus Christ as the ‘King of Kings.’ The church’s aim to remind the increasingly secular world of the importance of God and his teachings is one of the key reasons for the celebration. Christ the King Day was initiated in 1925 by Pope Pius XI as a response to the spread of secularism in the modern world and to remind the world of Jesus Christ’s rule on mankind. Initially a Roman Catholic holiday celebrated on the last Sunday of October, many Christian denominations have since adopted the holiday.
The holiday’s origins can be traced back to Pope Pius XI’s view that Jesus Christ is the eternal ruler of the world. This truth is underlined and outlined throughout history in gospels, novels, and art, where Jesus Christ is constantly shown at the center of compositions and is referred to in venerable, regal terms. According to legend, Jesus Christ is worshiped by all angels and mortals, and everyone is subject to him and must recognize his reign as a result of Christ’s hypostatic union with all creatures on Earth and beyond.
Thus, the celebrations remind Catholics and Christians of Jesus Christ’s eternal authority over the world, as it is the only kind of authority that is not temporal and fleeting. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops simplifies the solemn day as a reminder that while governments come and go, Christ reigns as King forever.
Best Practice(s):
Practitioners may attend services and celebrations on this day.
Customary Greeting(s):
"Happy Christ the King Day."
Birthday of Guru Nanak Dev Sahib (Sikh)
‘23-’24:
November 27
‘24-’25:
November 27
‘25-’26:
November 27
Description of Observance:
Guru Nanak Dev Ji Gurpurab, also known as Guru Nanak's Prakash Utsav, celebrates the birth of the first Sikh guru, Guru Nanak. One of the most celebrated and important Sikh gurus and the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak Dev is highly revered by the Sikh community. Their birthdays, known as 'Gurpurab', are occasions for celebration and prayer among the community. Guru Nanak Jayanti is marked with prayer processions, hymns, free sweets, martial arts ('Gatka'), as well as services to the community.
Best Practice(s):
Some practitioners may take time off to celebrate or for services.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday.
Ascension of ‘Abu’l-Bahá (Bahá'í)
‘23-’24:
November 27-28
‘24-’25:
November 27-28
‘25-’26:
November 27-28
Description of Observance:
Holiday honoring ‘Abu’l-Bahá who succeeded Bahá'u'lláh, prophet-founder of the Bahá'ı Faith, and led the Bahá'ı community from 1892 to 1921 [commemorates the death of ‘Abu’l-Bahá in 1921]. Devotional readings and is held at 1:00 am as ‘Abu’l-Bahá passed away at about 1:00 am on November 28, 1921. Observances on this day generally include prayers, music, and readings, ideally at 1:00 am, the time of his passing. Work is not suspended.
Best Practice(s):
Since the celebration of the holiday takes place in the early morning, people may take the day off or come in late.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday. A common greeting for this day is Allah-u-Abha – an Arabic phrase that means “God is the Most Glorious." "Allah-u-Abha" (All-LAH oo abha).
December 2023
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Name of Observance
Dates
Observance Information
First Sunday of Advent (Christian)
‘23-’24:
December 3
‘24-’25:
December 1
‘25-’26:
November 30
Description of Observance:
Marks the beginning of the Christian year across many western churches, Season of expectant waiting and preparation of the celebration of the Nativity of Jesus at Christmas. Followers start lighting their Advent wreaths and praying their Advent daily devotional to celebrate, people may also put up their Christmas tree, light their Christingle, or engage in other preparations for Christmas.
Best Practice(s):
Takes place on the weekend.
Customary Greeting(s):
No traditional greeting but people may say "Happy First Sunday of Advent." "May the holy and blessed occasion of Advent bring peace, joy, and warmth. May the joy and wonder of Advent – Refresh your spirit and light up your life. May the Advent Season bring to you peace, warmth, and cozy gatherings with loved ones."
Advent Season (Christian)
‘23-’24:
December 3
‘24-’25:
December 1
‘25-’26:
November 30
Description of Observance:
Advent (from, "ad-venire" in Latin or "to come to") is the season encompassing the four Sundays (and weekdays) leading up to the celebration of Christmas. The Advent season is a time of preparation that directs our hearts and minds to Christ’s second coming at the end of time and to the anniversary of Our Lord’s birth on Christmas. People may light Advent candles or prepare Advent wreaths, hold special church services or read specific Scriptures each day, and some use an Advent calendar to build anticipation for Christmas.
Best Practice(s):
Practitioners may attend services. Typically held on the weekend.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday.
Feast of St. Francis Xavier (Catholic)
‘23-’24:
December 3
‘24-’25:
December 3
‘25-’26:
December 3
Description of Observance:
Commemorates and honors the commitment and service that St. Francis Xavier showed through his Christian missionary activity in Europe and Asia. To celebrate him and commemorate his journey to the afterlife, the town of Assisi lights oil lamps for two days. Religious services are held and some children even bring their pets to be blessed on this day.
Best Practice(s):
Practitioners may attend services.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday.
Hanukkah (Judaism)
‘23-’24:
December 7 - 15
‘24-’25:
December 25-January 2
‘25-’26:
December 14-22
Description of Observance:
The eight-day Jewish celebration known as Hanukkah or Chanukah commemorates the rededication during the second century B.C. of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. Jewish people light one candle on the menorah each day, which represents the number of days that the Temple lantern blazed. People also traditionally play games of dreidel and eat Jewish foods. Religious rituals such as daily readings of Scriptures, recitations of Psalms, and singing are also held.
Best Practice(s):
Hanukkah is considered a minor Jewish holiday, so most people still go to work or school. Some people may choose to take time off to be with their friends and family.
Customary Greeting(s):
Hanukkah sameach! (Happy Hanukkah!), Chag urim sameach! (Happy Festival of Lights!).
Bodhi Day (Buddhist)
‘23-’24:
December 8
‘24-’25:
January 18
‘25-’26:
January 7
Description of Observance:
Bodhi Day is the Buddhist holiday that commemorates the day that Gautama Buddha (Shakyamuni) is said to have attained enlightenment, also known as bodhi in Sanskrit and Pali. According to tradition, Siddhartha had recently forsaken years of extreme ascetic practices and resolved to sit under a peepal tree, also known as a Bodhi tree, and simply meditate until he found the root of suffering, and how to liberate oneself from it. Services and traditions vary amongst Buddhist sects, but all such services commemorate the Buddha's achievement of Nirvana, and what this means for Buddhism today. Individuals may choose to commemorate the event through additional meditation, study of the Dharma, chanting of Buddhist texts (sutras), or performing kind acts towards other beings. Some Buddhists celebrate with a traditional meal of tea, cake and readingsBuddhists go to temple services and practice meditation. Some Buddhists decorate bodhi trees with lights and statues of Buddha. They also reflect upon the Noble Eightfold Path and the Four Noble Truths.
Best Practice(s):
Some Buddhists may choose to fast.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday but one may say Bodhi Day or Blessed Bodhi Day.
Feast of the Immaculate Conception (Catholic)
‘23-’24:
December 8
‘24-’25:
December 8
‘25-’26:
December 8
Description of Observance:
Celebrates the sinless lifespan and Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, celebrated on December 8, nine months before the feast of the Nativity of Mary, celebrated on September 8, Celebrates Mary's conception without sin. People celebrate the Feast of the Immaculate Conception in different ways around the world. Some use it as a day of prayer, whereas some countries host large festivals, parades, and have fireworks. People honor the Virgin Mary through kinship and celebration.
Best Practice(s):
Some Catholics might fast that day.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday but one may say May your Christmas open with Mary’s grace and light. Best wishes for a happy Immaculate Conception.
Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Catholic)
‘23-’24:
December 12
‘24-’25:
December 12
‘25-’26:
December 12
Description of Observance:
This celebration commemorates the appearance of Mary to the Mexican peasant Juan Diego in 1531. The feast day is an important holiday in Mexico. It has also become an important day for Mexican Americans to celebrate their religious and cultural identity. Today, as a sign of their devotion to Mary, many pilgrims travel to the Basilica in Mexico City on their knees for many miles. They do this as a sign of their devotion to Mary and to show gratitude for favors received from her. Outside of the shrine there are groups of mariachis, folk musicians, and ethnic dancers who have come to celebrate. Inside, various priests and bishops from all over Mexico gather to celebrate Mass. In the evening, the entrance of the basilica is filled with pilgrims from different regions of the country. Many other fiestas or popular celebrations take place in honor of La Virgen Morena, or the dark-skinned Madonna, all over Mexico. Almost every household erects an altar to the Virgin Mary for the day and the faithful demonstrate their joy by lighting fireworks throughout their cities.
Best Practice(s):
Practitioners may attend services.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday.
Yule (Pagan / Wiccan)
‘23-’24:
December 21 - January 1
‘24-’25:
December 21 - January 1
‘25-’26:
December 21 - January 1
Description of Observance:
This holiday is celebrated at the winter solstice as the rebirth of the Great horned hunter god, who is viewed as the newborn solstice sun [modern Paganism]. Yule was originally celebrated by the Norse and Scandinavian peoples.Today, many Pagans still celebrate Yule on the day of the Winter Solstice. Pagans celebrate the rebirth of the sun through gift exchanges, merriment, and deep spiritual reflection. For Pagans, this is a time of new beginnings, rebirth, transformation, getting rid of unwanted habits, and creativity. In most forms of Wicca, followers celebrate the Great horned hunter god who represents the newborn solstice sun. Some have group or private ceremonies. Yule is considered the Wiccan Sabbat. Yule celebrations included bonfires, decorating with holly, mistletoe, and the boughs of evergreen trees, ritual sacrifices, feasts, and gift-giving.
Best Practice(s):
Some practitioners may take time off to observe this holiday.
Customary Greeting(s):
“Happy Yule,” “Merry Yuletide,” or “Happy Solstice.”
Srīmad Bhagavad Gītā Jayantī (Hindu)
‘23-’24:
December 22
‘24-’25:
December 22
‘25-’26:
December 22
Description of Observance:
Celebrates the birthday of Bhagavad Gita. Gita Jayanti is a very important day for Hindus. On this day, the holy book of Hindus, Bhagavad Gita was born, ie Gita Jayanti is the day when Lord Shri Krishna told the Gita to Arjuna. It is celebrated on Shukla Ekadashi on the 11th day of Margashirsha month of the Hindu calendar. The Bhagavad Gita was described by Lord Krishna himself before the Mahabharata war began. It is believed that in the Mahabharata, the seeds of the Pandavas and the Kauravas had decided to go to war even after every possible reconciliation effort. Followers read the Bhagavad Gita and talk about how it has benefitted them. The followers of Lord Krishna fast on the festival of Ekadashi, which is a day where one cleanses the body and focuses on rejuvenation.
Best Practice(s):
It is an important fasting day, so they might feel fatigued or tired.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday but one may say "May this auspicious occasion of Gita Jayanti bring a lot of positivity, peace and harmony to your life."
Vaikuntha Ekadashi (Hindu)
‘23-’24:
December 23
‘24-’25:
December 23
‘25-’26:
December 23
Description of Observance:
Hindu holiday and festival, Vaishnavas (Devotees of Vishnu) believe that the gate to Vaikuntha, Vaikunta Dvaram, is opened on this day. People fast the whole day and keep vigil. Special prayers are offered to Vishnu and devotees engage in chanting of Vishnu's name and meditation, Celebration occurs in Venkateswara temples across many regions, temple celebrations and rituals occur.
Best Practice(s):
Since fasting takes place, employees may need special accommodations.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday but one may say “Happy Vaikunta Ekadashi.”
Christmas (Christian)
‘23-’24:
December 25
‘24-’25:
December 25
‘25-’26:
December 25
Description of Observance:
Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. Popular customs in celebrating Christmas are exchanging gifts, decorating Christmas trees, having meals with family and friends, and attending Christmas services.
Best Practice(s):
Public holiday.
Customary Greeting(s):
“Merry Christmas!”
Zarathosht Diso (Zoroastrian)
‘23-’24:
December 26
‘24-’25:
December 26
‘25-’26:
December 26
Description of Observance:
Commemorates the death anniversary of Zarathushtra, founder of Zoroastrianism. Followers traditionally visit fire temples and pray in honor and remembrance of the holy prophet. Followers also pray to Fravashis, the guardian spirits. It is also considered a day of prayer, ritual, and reflection. It is an occasion of remembrance with lectures and discussions held on the life and works of the prophet.
Best Practice(s):
Some practitioners may take time off to observe this holiday.
Customary Greeting(s):
There is no traditional greeting for this holiday, though one may say "Happy Holidays!"
Kwanzaa (African Americans)
‘23-’24:
December 26
‘24-’25:
December 26
‘25-’26:
December 26
Description of Observance:
Celebrates African heritage, unity, and culture. Although Kwanzaa is primarily an African American holiday, it has also come to be celebrated outside the United States, particularly in Caribbean and other countries where there are large numbers of descendants of Africans. It was conceived as a nonpolitical and nonreligious holiday, and it is not considered to be a substitute for Christmas. Kwanzaa is celebrated by hosting daily ceremonies and eating traditional foods. They also light the kinara, which holds seven candles. Each candle represents one of the Seven principles of Kwanzaa. Red, green, and black are the most prevalent colors in decorating for and celebrating Kwanzaa.
Best Practice(s):
Some people abstain from eating meat or fast until the big Kwanzaa feast.
Customary Greeting(s):
During Kwanzaa, participants greet one another with "Habari gani" which is Kiswahili for "how are you/ how's the news with you?" People can also say, “Happy Kwanzaa!”
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